Marinade Liquid
What is Liquid Staking?
The idea behind liquid staking is to enable people to stake without losing access to the liquidity of their tokens. This takes place through tokenization and issuance of on-chain representations of staked assets - liquid staking tokens - that are a claim on the underlying staking positions.
When staking SOL to mSOL, you are not performing a swap between two different tokens as mSOL represents your original position. This process can be equated to wrapping a token or receiving a "proof-of-stake token" with the perk of being an SPL token, thus remaining liquid.
Liquid staking your SOL to mSOL is, in essence, the same operation as staking your SOL tokens. Since mSOL price (against SOL) is only impacted by staking rewards and nothing else, mSOL is not a speculative yield (when going from SOL to mSOL) but rather a way to diversify your stake and spread it across multiple validators in the Marinade stake pool, instead of locking your tokens into a single validator.
mSOL is only a token representing a staked position, which should not make it different from a staking operation regarding tax laws. Nonetheless, you should consult your local jurisdiction for tax clarity involving various cryptocurrencies.
Why is Liquid Staking important?
In our opinion, liquid staking shines in solving the protocol design problems of PoS networks:
Opportunity cost
With a fully liquid staking token, users can freely participate in DeFi and generate another layer of rewards on top of staking yields. Users don’t have to choose between staking or depositing their liquidity into an AMM, lending protocol, etc. They can do both!
Unbonding period
Since liquid staking tokens can be immediately swapped for their underlying staked assets, users don’t have to wait for the regular unbonding period to unstake their tokens.
Reliance on a single validator
Diversifying across multiple validators minimizes exposure and serves as slashing insurance against the malperformance of individual validator nodes. With Marinade's liquid staking solution, you can delegate your SOL to a multitude of validators rather than just one.
Liquid Stake SOL
When you choose to 'Stake', these operations happen under the hood:
You deposit SOL in the reserve account.
Marinade takes this amount and accordingly increases the amount of stake orders falling under:
current epoch (epoch_stake_orders)
total staked (total_stake_orders)
Marinade mints mSOL for the user according to mSOL/SOL ratio.
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